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 NODE berasal dari bahasa Latin “NODUS” yang artinya simpul.

Dalam jaringan blockchain sebuah node berfungsi sebagai titik sambung, titik distribusi, maupun titik akhir komunikasi atau transaksi dalam blockchain. Node adalah sebuah perangkat dengan alamat IP yang terhubung ke jaringan blockhain, yang akan menerima informasi yang tercatat dan didistribusikan oleh buku besar digital terdesentralisasi, dan kemudian antar node akan saling berkomunikasi dalam jaringan dan melakukan transfer informasi transaksi dan blok baru.

Node adalah infrastruktur yang sangat vital dalam sebuah jaringan blockchain. Tugas utama node adalah untuk memverifikasi setiap batch transaksi jaringan, yang disebut blok sehingga keamanan dan integritas jaringan blockchain dapat kondusif dan terjaga. Antara node yang satu dengan yang lainnya dibedakan dengan satu unique identifier seperti alamat IP.

Jenis-jenis node dalam jaringan blockchain

  • Full Nodes
    Full node berfungsi untuk memberi dukungan dan keamanan dalam jaringan blockchain dengan cara mengunduh semua histori transaksi, kemudian dilakukan pengamatan, memvalidasi seluruh transaksi, dan menegakkan aturan yang telah disepakati konsensus.

  • Lightweight Nodes
    Setiap pengguna dalam jaringan tergolong sebagai lightweight node atau node ringan, dan mereka harus tetap terhubung dalam jaringan untuk terus dapat berpartisipasi di dalamnya. Node ringan ini dibuat tujuannya hampir sama dengan node penuh, tapi bukan menyimpan histori dari transaksi melainkan untuk melalukan konfirmasi transaksi sebelumnya dengan cara memegang header block.
  • Miners' nodes
    Ini adalah node penambang dapat berupa solo miner atau penambang sendiri, atapun pool miner atau penambangan pada kolam atau mining pool yang dilakukan secara gotong royong. Untuk solo miner, dirinya akan menggunakan node penuh miliknya sendiri, sedangkan pada mining pool, node penuh dikendalikan oleh administrator jaringan.

  • Listening Nodes
    Terkadang disebut sebagai supernodes, dan ini hakikatnya adalah full node yang dapat terlihat jelas oleh publik. Listening node ini akan berkomunikasi dengan node manapun itu yang memutuskan untuk menjalin hubungan dengannya. Sebuah listening node yang handal akan mampu untuk berjalan sepanjang waktu untuk mentransmisikan riwayat transaksi dalam blockhain ke beberapa node.

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