Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) adalah Komite Kebijakan Moneter. Anggota MPC adalah berasal dari para pejabat penting bank sentral, yang masing-masing memiliki keahlian tersendiri dalam bidang ekonomi, moneter dan fiskal. Setiap negara memiliki Komite Kebijakan Moneter sendiri, dengan jumlah keanggotaan dan masa tugas yang berbeda. Di Inggris misalnya, MPC terdiri dari 9 anggota dewan gubernur, 3 deputi gubernur untuk kebijakan moneter, 1 orang yang bertugas menjaga stabilitas pasar keuangan dan perbankan, satu kepala bagian ekonomi, dan 4 orang anggota eksternal atas usul pemerintah.
Di negara lain formasinya bisa berbeda-beda, tapi tujuan pembentukannya bisa dikatakan sama yaitu untuk merumuskan kebijakan moneter, sehingga tercipta kondisi moneter yang kondusif dengan tingkat inflasi yang terkendali sehingga seluruh komponen penggerak perekonomian dapat saling bersinergi menciptakan perekonomian stabil dan handal dan pada akhirnya meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi negara, dan untuk itu MPC akan duduk bersama-sama dalam rapat penting yang diselenggarakan 2-4 kali dalam setahun untuk maracik semua rumusan kebijakan ekonomi yang harus dijalankan oleh bank sentral dan otoritas moneter terkait lainnya.
Tugas utama MPC adalah agar bagaimana ekonomi stabil dan bertumbuh dengan tingkat inflasi yang terjaga. MPC akan bekerjasama dengan bank sentral untuk memantau konsidi perekonomian terkini, baik internal maupun eksternal, dengan rumusan kebijakan didasarkan pada data yang didapatkan dari bank sentral. Ketika kondisi ekonomi mengalami kelesuan, MPC harus memikirkan bagaiman rumusan kebijakan yang tepat untuk menggairahkan kembali perekonomian, apakah dengan mencetak uang untuk mendongrak kembali daya beli dan sehingga inflasi tumbuh secara moderat. Ini dikenal dengan kebijakan moneter ekspansif.
Ketika ekonomi “terlalu panas”, MPC juga harus memikirkan bagaimana meredam agar perekonomian “tidak terbakar”. Ini adalah soal inflasi yang tinggi, dan MPC harus berupaya keras bagaimana agar inflasi dapat ditekan pada angka yang diharapkan sesuai dengan kondisi ekonomi yang terjadi, misalkan dengan menaikkan tingkat suku bunga agar jumlah uang beredar dapat dibatasi.
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