Apa Itu Secondary Offer ?

 Secondary offering adalah istilah penawaran yang terjadi setelah Initial Public Offering (IPO). Dari sisi investor secondary offering adalah penjualan saham yang berasal dari IPO kepada publik di pasar sekunder. Setelah IPO maka selanjutnya saham akan di catat dan dapat diperdagangkan di pasar sekunder antar pedagang efek. Ini artinya uang penjualan saham melalui mekanisme secondary offering yang dilakukan oleh investor, akan masuk ke kantong investor bukan ke kas perusahaan.

Contoh secondary offering investor bernama Mr Abah membeli sebanyak 1 juta lembar saham PT.Lastaccount di pasar perdana. Kemudian setelah saham PT. Lastaccount tercatat di bursa, Mr Abah berniat untuk mencairkan kepemilikan sahamanya sebanyak 50% nya. Ini dapat dikatakan sebagai penawaran perdana atau secondary offering.

Secondary offering juga datang dari sisi perusahaan. Ini adalah penawaran saham lanjutan setelah penawaran saham perdana. Sebuah perusahaan yang membutuhkan pendanaan untuk operasional, akuisisi, ekspansi dan lain sebagainya, kemudian menawarkan sahamnya ke publik dalam mekanisme IPO. Setelah IPO berakhir, saham di catat di bursa dan kemudian setelah itu dapat diperdagangkan oleh publik.

Setelah IPO berakhir, perusahaan mungkin membutuhkan modal tambahan untuk operasional atau lanjutan proyek yang sedang dikerjakan, atau membayar utang perusahaan dengan tawaran keringanan cicilan atau bunga kecil sementara kondisi cadangan kas tidak memungkinkan untuk itu. Anda harus jeli melihat apa alasan dibalik secondary offering yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan tersebut, karena opsi secondary offerint tentu akan membuat jumlah saham beredar menjadi meningkat.

Contoh secondary offering perusahaan PT.Lastaccount melakukan IPO dan berhasil menjual 1 milyar saham dengan harga per lembar saham Rp 2000. Hasil IPO kemudian digunakan untuk ekspansi bisnis. Dalam perjalanannya, ternyata perusahaan membutuhkan lebih banyak dana dari yang diproyeksikan sebelumnya. PT.Lastaccount kemudian kembali menawarkan saham sebanyak 500 juta lembar dengan harga lebih rendah Rp 1950. Mekanismenya dapat melalui private placement atau pun right issue

Apa dampak secondary offering ?

Bagaimanapun juga, secondary offering memberi efek signifikan pada harga saham dan sentimen investor. Ketika prinsipal perusahaan atau the big shareholder menjual sebagaian besar kepemilikan sahamnya, tentu ini menjadi tanya tanya besar bagi investor ada apa dalam internal perusahaan, ini akan membuat investor was-was dan menahan diri untuk membeli saham tersebut, harga saham pun kemungkinan besar akan turun.

Begitu juga ketika perusahaan melakukan opsi secondary offering, itu dapat berakibat turunny harga saham, terutama mekanisme “delutif secondary offering”. Namun pada beberapa kasus, sentimen investor terbalik, harga saham malah naik setelah perusahaan mengumumkan secondary offering. Banyak argumen dan hipotesis mengarahkan bahwa ini adalah tindakan antisipasi investor untuk potensi di masa yang akan datang, atau terkait dengan proyek perusahaan yang sedang dijalankan.

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